Hangul

 

Hunminjeongeum

Hunminjeongeum consonants75
molar
牙音		 lingual
舌音		 light-
輕音		 labial
脣音		 incisor
齒音		 laryngeal
喉音
wholly clear
全淸		 ㄱ ⟨k⟩ 君 ㄷ ⟨t⟩ 斗 ㅸ ⟨W⟩ ㅂ ⟨p⟩ 彆 ㅈ ⟨c⟩ 卽 ㅅ ⟨s⟩ 戌 ㆆ ⟨q⟩ 挹
partly clear
次淸		 ㅋ ⟨kh⟩ 快 ㅌ ⟨th⟩ 呑 ㆄ ㅍ ⟨ph⟩ 漂 ㅊ ⟨ch⟩ 侵 ㅎ ⟨h⟩ 虛
wholly muddy
全濁		 ㄲ ⟨kk⟩ 虯 ㄸ ⟨tt⟩ 覃 ㅹ ㅃ ⟨pp⟩ 步 ㅉ ⟨cc⟩ 慈 ㅆ ⟨ss⟩ 邪 ㆅ ⟨hh⟩ 洪
neither clear
nor muddy
不淸不濁		 ㆁ ⟨ng⟩ 業 ㄴ ⟨n⟩ 那 ㅱ ㅁ ⟨m⟩ 彌 ㅇ ⟨G⟩ 欲
semi-
半		 ㄹ ⟨l⟩ 閭 ᄛ ㅿ ⟨z⟩ 穰

Hunminjeongeum vowels75
(back) (central) (front)
(lax) ㆍ ⟨o⟩ 呑 ㅡ ⟨u⟩ 卽 ㅣ ⟨i, y⟩ 侵
contracted ㅗ ⟨wo, w⟩ 侵 ㅜ ⟨wu, w⟩ 君
spread ㅏ ⟨a⟩ 覃 ㅓ ⟨e⟩ 業
arises from ⟨i⟩
contracted ㅛ ⟨ywo⟩ 欲 ㅠ ⟨ywu⟩ 戍
spread ㅑ ⟨ya⟩ 穰 ㅕ ⟨ye⟩ 聲

Korean

Korean consonants6
labial
stop		 dental
stop		 alveolar
affricate		 velar
stop		 spirant
lax ㅂ ⟨b, p⟩ ㄷ ⟨d, t⟩ ㅈ ⟨j⟩ ㄱ ⟨g, k⟩ ㅅ ⟨s⟩
reinforced ㅃ ⟨pp⟩ ㄸ ⟨tt⟩ ㅉ ⟨jj⟩ ㄲ ⟨kk⟩ ㅆ ⟨ss⟩
aspirate ㅍ ⟨p⟩ ㅌ ⟨t⟩ ㅊ ⟨ch⟩ ㅋ ⟨k⟩ ㅎ ⟨h⟩
nasal ㅁ ⟨m⟩ ㄴ ⟨n⟩ ㅇ ⟨Ø, ng⟩
liquid ㄹ ⟨r, l⟩

Korean vowels6
front back
high ㅢ ⟨ui⟩ ㅣ ⟨i⟩ ㅡ ⟨eu⟩ ㅜ ⟨u⟩
mid ㅚ ⟨oe⟩ ㅔ ⟨e⟩ ㅓ ⟨eo⟩ ㅗ ⟨o⟩
low ㅐ ⟨ae⟩ ㅏ ⟨a⟩
/w/- diphthongs
high ㅟ ⟨wi⟩
mid ㅞ ⟨we⟩ ㅝ ⟨wo⟩
low ㅙ ⟨wae⟩ ㅘ ⟨wa⟩
/j/- diphthongs
high ㅠ ⟨yu⟩
mid ㅖ ⟨ye⟩ ㅕ ⟨yeo⟩ ㅛ ⟨yo⟩
low ㅒ ⟨yae⟩ ㅑ ⟨ya⟩

References

  1. Unicode 15.0 Character Code Charts. 2022, unicode.org.
    1. Hangul Jamo. unicode.org.
    2. CJK Symbols and Punctuation. unicode.org.
    3. Hangul Compatibility Jamo. unicode.org.
    4. Enclosed CJK Letters and Months. unicode.org.
    5. Hangul Jamo Extended-A. unicode.org.
    6. Hangul Syllables. unicode.org.
    7. Hangul Jamo Extended-B. unicode.org.
    8. Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms. unicode.org.
  2. WG2 Document Registry, Unicode® Technical Committee Document Registry, unicode.org, unicode.org.
    1. Jo Chun Hui. Amendment of the part concerning the Korean characters in ISO/IEC 10646-1:1998 amendment 5. 29 July 1999, N2056, unicode.org.
    2. Kim, Kyongsok. Reply to disposition of comments on ISO/IEC 10646-1 Corrigendum # 3. 23 August 1999, N2074, unicode.org.
    3. Suignard, Michel. Clarification concerning Hangul syllable method. 15 September 2005, N3006, unicode.org.
    4. Kim, Kyongsok; Dae Hyuk Ahn. A new model for using Hangul Jamo. 14 July 2006, N3113, L2/06-289, unicode.org.
    5. Karlsson, Kent. Hangul Jamo and Hangul precomposed syllable description. 9 August 2006, N3124, L2/06-295, unicode.org, unicode.org.
    6. Comments on Document N3113. 25 September 2006, N3128, unicode.org.
    7. Karlsson, Kent. Auxiliary character decompositions for supporting Hangul. 24 September 2006, N3163, L2/06-310, unicode.org, unicode.org.
    8. Report on Hangul Ad Hoc Meeting. 26 September 2006, N3167, unicode.org.
    9. Kim, Kyongsok; Dae Hyuk Ahn. A Proposal to add new Hangul Jamo extended characters to BMP of UCS. 27 September 2006, N3168, L2/07-076, unicode.org.
    10. Kim, Kyongsok; Dae Hyuk Ahn. Add annotations for existing 5 Hangul Jamo names. 27 September 2006, N3172, unicode.org.
    11. Proposal for allocation of proposed Hangul Jamos in the BMP. 16 April 2007, N3242, L2/07-103, unicode.org, unicode.org.
    12. Kim, Kyongsok; Dae Hyuk Ahn. A Proposal to add new Hangul Jamo extended characters to BMP of UCS. 23 April 2007, N3257, L2/07-247, unicode.org.
    13. Kim, Kyongsok; Dae Hyuk Ahn. A Proposal to add new Hangul Jamo extended characters to BMP of UCS. 23 April 2007, N3168R, unicode.org.
  3. The Unicode® Standard: Version 15.0 – Core Specification. September 2022, unicode.org.
    1. Conjoining Jamo Behavior. pp. 142–151, unicode.org.
    2. Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms. p. 773, unicode.org.
    3. Hangul. pp. 774–777, unicode.org.
    4. Hangul Syllables. p. 965, unicode.org.
  4. ScriptSource, SIL International, scriptsource.org.
    1. Hangul (Hangŭl, Hangeul) [Hang]. scriptsource.org.
    2. Jamo (alias for Jamo subset of Hangul) [Jamo]. scriptsource.org.
    3. Korean (alias for Hangul + Han) [Kore]. scriptsource.org.
  5. Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert. A History of the Korean Language. Cambridge University Press, 2011, doi.org.
  6. Martin, Samuel E. A Reference Grammar of Korean: A Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language. Yale University, 1992.
  7. Ledyard, Gari K. The Korean Language Reform of 1446. 1998.
  8. Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. The Korean Alphabet: Its History and Structure. University of Hawaiʻi Press, Honolulu, 1997.
  9. ALA-LC Romanization Tables. American Library Association, Library of Congress, loc.gov.
    1. Korean. 2009, loc.gov.
  10. BGN/PCGN Romanization Systems. U.S. Board on Geographic Names, U.K. Permanent Committee on Geographical Names, gov.uk.
    1. Romanization of Korean: for the Republic of Korea. September 2022, service.gov.uk.
    2. Romanization of Korean: for the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. September 2022, service.gov.uk.
  11. United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN): Working Group on Romanization Systems. eki.ee.
    1. Korean. United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names: Preliminary Report on Their Current Status, Version 1.3, March 2000, eki.ee.
    2. Korean. Report on the Current Status of United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names, Version 4.0, September 2013, eki.ee.