Hangul
Korean Script
Hunminjeongeum
molars 牙音 |
linguals 舌音 |
labials 脣音 |
incisors 齒音 |
laryngeals 喉音 |
semi- linguals 半舌音 |
semi- incisors 半齒音 |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wholly clear 全淸 |
ㄱ ⟨k⟩ 君 | ㄷ ⟨t⟩ 斗 | ㅂ ⟨p⟩ 彆 | ㅈ ⟨c⟩ 卽 | ㅅ ⟨s⟩ 戌 | ㆆ ⟨q⟩ 挹 | ||
partly clear 次淸 |
ㅋ ⟨kh⟩ 快 | ㅌ ⟨th⟩ 呑 | ㅍ ⟨ph⟩ 漂 | ㅊ ⟨ch⟩ 侵 | ㅎ ⟨h⟩ 虛 | |||
wholly muddy 全濁 |
ㄲ ⟨kk⟩ 虯 | ㄸ ⟨tt⟩ 覃 | ㅃ ⟨pp⟩ 步 | ㅉ ⟨cc⟩ 慈 | ㅆ ⟨ss⟩ 邪 | ㆅ ⟨hh⟩ 洪 | ||
neither clear nor muddy 不淸不濁 |
ㆁ ⟨ng⟩ 業 | ㄴ ⟨n⟩ 那 | ㅁ ⟨m⟩ 彌 | ㅇ ⟨G⟩ 欲 | ㄹ ⟨l⟩ 閭 | ㅿ ⟨z⟩ 穰 |
labials | semi- linguals |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
heavy | ㅂ ⟨p⟩ | ㅍ ⟨ph⟩ | ㅃ ⟨pp⟩ | ㅁ ⟨m⟩ | ㄹ ⟨l⟩ |
light | ㅸ ⟨W⟩ /ꞵ/ | ㆄ | ㅹ | ㅱ | ᄛ [ɾ] |
yang | yin | neutral | |
---|---|---|---|
(lax) | ㆍ ⟨o⟩ /ɔ/ 呑 | ㅡ ⟨u⟩ /ɯ/ 卽 | ㅣ ⟨i⟩ /i/ 侵 |
contracted | ㅗ ⟨wo⟩ /o/ 侵 | ㅜ ⟨wu⟩ /u/ 君 | |
spread | ㅏ ⟨a⟩ /ɑ/ 覃 | ㅓ ⟨e⟩ /ʌ/ 業 | |
/j/- | |||
contracted | ㅛ ⟨ywo⟩ /jo/ 欲 | ㅠ ⟨ywu⟩ /ju/ 戍 | |
spread | ㅑ ⟨ya⟩ /jɑ/ 穰 | ㅕ ⟨ye⟩ /jʌ/ 聲 |
yang | yin | |
---|---|---|
/w/- | ㅘ ⟨wa⟩ /wɑ/ | ㅝ ⟨we⟩ /wʌ/ |
/jw/- | ㆇ ⟨ywa⟩ /jwɑ/ | ㆊ ⟨ywe⟩ /jwʌ/ |
-/j/ | ㆎ ⟨oy⟩ /ɔj/ | ㅢ ⟨uy⟩ /ɯj/ |
ㅚ ⟨woy⟩ /oj/ | ㅟ ⟨wuy⟩ /uj/ | |
ㅐ ⟨ay⟩ /ɑj/ | ㅔ ⟨ey⟩ /ʌj/ | |
/j/ - /j/ | ㆉ ⟨ywoy⟩ /joj/ | ㆌ ⟨ywuy⟩ /juj/ |
ㅒ ⟨yay⟩ /jɑj/ | ㅖ ⟨yey⟩ /jʌj/ | |
/w/ - /j/ | ㅙ ⟨way⟩ /wɑj/ | ㅞ ⟨wey⟩ /wʌj/ |
/jw/ - /j/ | ㆈ ⟨yway⟩ /jwɑj/ | ㆋ ⟨ywey⟩ /jwʌj/ |
/j/- | ᆝ ⟨yo⟩ /jɔ/ | ᆜ ⟨yu⟩ /jɯ/ |
Chinese
wholly clear 全淸 |
partly clear 次淸 |
wholly muddy 全濁 |
neither clear nor muddy 不淸不濁 |
wholly clear 全淸 |
wholly muddy 全濁 |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
molars 牙音 |
見 ㄱ | 溪 ㅋ | 群 ㄲ | 疑 ㆁ | ||
apical linguals 舌頭音 |
端 ㄷ | 透 ㅌ | 定 ㄸ | 泥 ㄴ | ||
raised linguals 舌上音 |
知 | 徹 | 澄 | 娘 | ||
labials heavy 唇重音 |
幫 ㅂ | 滂 ㅍ | 並 ㅃ | 明 ㅁ | ||
labials light 唇輕音 |
非 ㅸ | 敷 ㆄ | 奉 ㅹ | 微 ㅱ | ||
apical incisors 齒頭音 |
精 ᅎ | 清 ᅔ | 從 ᅏ | 心 ᄼ | 邪 ᄽ | |
upright incisors 正齒音 |
照 ᅐ | 穿 ᅕ | 牀 ᅑ | 審 ᄾ | 禪 ᄿ | |
laryngeals 喉音 |
影 ㆆ | 曉 ㅎ | 匣 ㆅ | 喻 ㅇ | ||
semi-linguals 半舌音 |
來 ㄹ | |||||
semi-incisors 半齒音 |
日 ㅿ |
Korean
bilabial | alveolar | alveolar affricate |
velar | fricative | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
lax | ㅂ ⟨ba⟩ /p/ | ㄷ ⟨da⟩ /t/ | ㅈ ⟨j⟩ /tɕ/ | ㄱ ⟨ga⟩ /k/ | ㅅ ⟨s⟩ /s/ |
tense | ㅃ ⟨pp⟩ /p*/ | ㄸ ⟨tt⟩ /t*/ | ㅉ ⟨jj⟩ /tɕ*/ | ㄲ ⟨kk⟩ /k*/ | ㅆ ⟨ss⟩ /s*/ |
aspirated | ㅍ ⟨p⟩ /pʰ/ | ㅌ ⟨t⟩ /tʰ/ | ㅊ ⟨ch⟩ /tɕʰ/ | ㅋ ⟨k⟩ /kʰ/ | ㅎ ⟨h⟩ /h/ |
nasal | ㅁ ⟨m⟩ /m/ | ㄴ ⟨n⟩ /n/ | ㅇ ⟨ng⟩ /ŋ/b | ||
liquid | ㄹ ⟨lc⟩ /l/ |
front | back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
high | ㅣ ⟨i⟩ /i/ | ㅡ ⟨eu⟩ /ɯ/ | ㅜ ⟨u⟩ /u/ | |
mid | ㅔ ⟨e⟩ /e/ | ㅚ ⟨oe⟩ /ø/ | ㅓ ⟨eo⟩ /ʌ/ | ㅗ ⟨o⟩ /o/ |
low | ㅐ ⟨ae⟩ /æ/ | ㅏ ⟨a⟩ /ɑ/ | ||
/w/- | ||||
high | ㅟ ⟨wi⟩ /wi/ | |||
mid | ㅞ ⟨we⟩ /we/ | ㅝ ⟨wo⟩ /wʌ/ | ||
low | ㅙ ⟨wae⟩ /wæ/ | ㅘ ⟨wa⟩ /wɑ/ | ||
/j/- | ||||
high | ㅠ ⟨yu⟩ /ju/ | |||
mid | ㅖ ⟨ye⟩ /je/ | ㅕ ⟨yeo⟩ /jʌ/ | ㅛ ⟨yo⟩ /jo/ | |
low | ㅒ ⟨yae⟩ /jæ/ | ㅑ ⟨ya⟩ /jɑ/ | ||
/ɰ/- | ||||
high | ㅢ ⟨ui⟩ /ɰi/ |
Notes
- Transcribed as ⟨b, d, g⟩ when followed by a vowel and ⟨p, t, k⟩ otherwise
- Not pronounced and not transcribed at the beginning of syllables
- Transcribed as ⟨r⟩ when followed by a vowel and ⟨l⟩ otherwise,
ㄹㄹ
is transcribed as ⟨ll⟩
References
-
Unicode 15.0 Character Code Charts. 2022, unicode.org.
Hangul Jamo.
unicode.org.CJK Symbols and Punctuation.
unicode.org.Hangul Compatibility Jamo.
unicode.org.Enclosed CJK Letters and Months.
unicode.org.Hangul Jamo Extended-A.
unicode.org.Hangul Syllables.
unicode.org.Hangul Jamo Extended-B.
unicode.org.Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms.
unicode.org.
-
WG2 Document Registry, Unicode® Technical Committee Document Registry, unicode.org, unicode.org.
- Kim, Kyongsok; Dae Hyuk Ahn. Add annotations for existing 5 Hangul Jamo names. 27 September 2006, N3172, unicode.org.
- Kim, Kyongsok; Dae Hyuk Ahn. A Proposal to add new Hangul Jamo extended characters to BMP of UCS. 23 April 2007, N3168R, unicode.org.
-
The Unicode® Standard: Version 15.0 – Core Specification. September 2022, unicode.org.
Conjoining Jamo Behavior.
pp. 142–151, unicode.org.Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms.
p. 773, unicode.org.Hangul.
pp. 774–777, unicode.org.Hangul Syllables.
p. 965, unicode.org.
-
ScriptSource, SIL International, scriptsource.org.
- Hangul (Hangŭl, Hangeul) [Hang]. scriptsource.org.
- Jamo (alias for Jamo subset of Hangul) [Jamo]. scriptsource.org.
- Korean (alias for Hangul + Han) [Kore]. scriptsource.org.
-
Ledyard, Gari K. The Korean Language Reform of 1446. 국립국어연구원 총서 2, 신구문화사, [1998], [original 1966 Berkeley dissertation].
- Kim-Renaud, Young-Key.
[Review].
Written Language & Literacy, Volume 4, Issue 2, January 2001, pp. 239–247, doi.org.
- Kim-Renaud, Young-Key.
- Martin, Samuel E. A Reference Grammar of Korean: A Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language. Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1992.
- Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. The Korean Alphabet: Its History and Structure. University of Hawaiʻi Press, Honolulu, 1997.
- Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert. A History of the Korean Language. Cambridge University Press, 2011, doi.org.
- Brown, Lucien; Yeon, Jaehoon. The Handbook of Korean Linguistics. Wiley, Blackwell, 2015, doi.org.
-
ALA-LC Romanization Tables. American Library Association, Library of Congress, loc.gov.
Korean.
2009, loc.gov.
-
BGN/PCGN Romanization Systems. U.S. Board on Geographic Names, U.K. Permanent Committee on Geographical Names, gov.uk.
Romanization of Korean: for the Republic of Korea.
September 2022, service.gov.uk.Romanization of Korean: for the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
September 2022, service.gov.uk.
- United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN): Working Group on Romanization Systems. eki.ee.