Old Permic

Komi Script

Old Permic letters
order
7		 letter name
14		 pronun-
ciation
714
1 𐍐 an /ɑ/
2 𐍑 bur /b/
3 𐍒 gai /g/
4 𐍓 doi /d/
5 𐍔 e /e/
6 𐍕 žoi /ʒ/
7 𐍖 džoi /dʒ/
8 𐍗 zata /z/
9 𐍘 dzita /dʑ/
10 𐍙 i /i/, /j/
11 𐍚 koke /k/
12 𐍛 lei /l/
13 𐍜 menö /m/
14 𐍝 nenö /n/
15 𐍞 voi /o̝/
16 𐍟 pei /p/
17 𐍠 rei /r/
18 𐍡 sii /s/
19 𐍢 tai /t/
20 𐍣 u /u/, /v/
(25) 𐍫 ef /f/
(26) 𐍬 ha /x/
(27) 𐍭 tsiu /ts/
(28) 𐍮 ver /v/, /u/
21 𐍤 čery /tʃ/
22 𐍥 šoi /ʃ/
𐍦 ščoi
(29) 𐍯 jer ъ
23 𐍧 yry /ɨ/
𐍨 jeru
(30) 𐍰 jeri ь
(31) 𐍱 jatʼ /e̝/
(32) 𐍲 ie /je/
(33) 𐍳 ju /ju/
(34) 𐍴 ja /jɑ/
𐍵 ia
24 𐍩 o /o/, /ɘ/
𐍪 oo

Komi vowels714
front central back
close /i/ ⟨i⟩
𐍙
⟨і, и⟩		 /ɨ/ ⟨y⟩
𐍧
⟨ы⟩		 /u/ ⟨u⟩
𐍣
⟨у, ю⟩
close-mid /e̝/ ⟨ê⟩
𐍱		 /o̝/ ⟨ô⟩
𐍞
mid /e/ ⟨e⟩
𐍔
⟨э, е⟩		 /ɘ/ ⟨ö⟩
𐍩
⟨ӧ⟩		 /o/ ⟨o⟩
𐍩
⟨о, ё⟩
open /ɑ/ ⟨a⟩
𐍐
⟨а, я⟩

Komi consonants714
labial alveolar post-
alveolar		 palatal velar
stop voiceless /p/ ⟨p⟩
𐍟
⟨п⟩		 /t/ ⟨t⟩
𐍢
⟨т⟩		 /c/ ⟨tʼ⟩
(𐍢)
⟨ть⟩ ԏ		 /k/ ⟨k⟩
𐍚
⟨к⟩
voiced /b/ ⟨b⟩
𐍑
⟨б⟩		 /d/ ⟨d⟩
𐍓
⟨д⟩ ԁ		 /ɟ/ ⟨dʼ⟩
(𐍓)
⟨дь⟩ ԃ		 /g/ ⟨g⟩
𐍒
⟨г⟩
fricative voiceless /f/ ⟨f⟩
𐍫
⟨ф⟩		 /s/ ⟨s⟩
𐍡
⟨с⟩		 /ʃ/ ⟨š⟩
𐍥
⟨ш⟩		 /ɕ/ ⟨ś⟩
(𐍥)
⟨сь⟩ ԍ		 /x/ ⟨h⟩
𐍬
⟨х⟩
voiced /v/ ⟨v⟩
𐍮
⟨в⟩		 /z/ ⟨z⟩
𐍗
⟨з⟩		 /ʒ/ ⟨ž⟩
𐍕
⟨ж⟩		 /ʑ/ ⟨ź⟩
(𐍕)
⟨зь⟩ ԅ
affricate voiceless /ts/ ⟨c⟩
𐍭
⟨ц⟩		 /tʃ/ ⟨č⟩
𐍤
⟨тш⟩ щ		 /tɕ/ ⟨ć⟩
(𐍤)
⟨ч⟩
voiced /dʒ/ ⟨dž⟩
𐍖
⟨дж⟩ җ		 /dʑ/ ⟨dź⟩
𐍘
⟨дз⟩ ԇ
nasal /m/ ⟨m⟩
𐍜
⟨м⟩		 /n/ ⟨n⟩
𐍝
⟨н⟩		 /ɲ/ ⟨ń⟩
(𐍝)
⟨нь⟩ ԋ
lateral /l/ ⟨l⟩
𐍛
⟨л⟩		 /ʎ/ ⟨lʼ⟩
(𐍛)
⟨ль⟩ ԉ
approximant /j/ ⟨j⟩
𐍙
⟨й⟩ ј
trill /r/ ⟨r⟩
𐍠
⟨р⟩

References

  1. Unicode Character Code Charts. unicode.org.
    1. “Cyrillic Supplement.” unicode.org.
    2. “Old Permic.” unicode.org.
  2. WG2 Document Registry, Unicode® Technical Committee Document Registry, unicode.org, unicode.org.
    1. Michael Everson. Draft Proposal to encode Old Permic in Plane 1 of ISO/IEC 10646-2. 1998-01-18, N1687, L2/98-034, archive.org, unicode.org.
    2. Michael Everson. Additional Cyrillic characters for the UCS. 1998-05-25, N1744, L2/98-211, archive.org, unicode.org.
    3. Michael Everson. Revised proposal for encoding the Old Permic script in the UCS. 1999-01-29, N1947, L2/99-064, unicode.org, unicode.org.
    4. Michael Everson, Klaas Ruppel, Trond Trosterud. Archaic Komi Cyrillic characters for the BMP of the UCS. 2000-06-09, N2224, L2/00-182, unicode.org, unicode.org.
    5. Michael Everson. Proposal for encoding the Old Permic script in the SMP of the UCS. 2012-01-24, N4177, L2/12-025, unicode.org, unicode.org.
    6. Michael Everson, Soslan Khubulov. Proposal to encode four Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS. 2012-01-31, N4199, L2/12-040, unicode.org, unicode.org.
    7. Michael Everson. Revised proposal for encoding the Old Permic script in the SMP of the UCS. 2012-04-26, N4263, L2/12-137, unicode.org, unicode.org.
  3. The Unicode® Standard: Version 16.0 – Core Specification. 2024-09-10, unicode.org.
    1. “Cyrillic Supplement.” unicode.org.
    2. “Old Permic.” unicode.org.
  4. Old Permic [Perm]. ScriptSource, SIL International, scriptsource.org.
  5. [M. N. Speransky] М. Н. Сперанский. [Cryptography in South-Slavic and Russian Written Monuments] Тайнопись в юго-славянских и русских памятниках письма. Энциклопедия славянской филологии, Выпуск 4.3, Издательство Академии Наук СССР, Ленинград, 1929, archive.org.
  6. [V. I. Lytkin] В. И. Лыткин. [Origin of the Old Permian Alphabet] Происхождение Древнепермской Азбуки. Ученые Записки, Серия Востоковедческих Наук, ЛГУ, Выпуск 2, No. 105, 1947, 1948, pp. 233–239.
  7. [V. I. Lytkin] В. И. Лыткин. [Old Permian: Interpretation of Texts, Grammar, Glossary] Древнепермский язык: чтение текстов, грамматика, словарь. Издательство Академии Наук СССР, Москва, 1952, archive.org.
    1. W. K. Matthews. “[Review].” The Slavonic and East European Review, Volume XXXII [32], Number 78, December 1953, pp. 248–251, jstor.org.
    2. David Fokos-Fuchs. “[Review].” Acta Linguistica, Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Tomus IV [4], Fasciculus 1–2, 1954, pp. 225–252, jstor.org.
  8. C. A. Ferguson. “St. Stefan of Perm and Applied Linguistics.” To honor Roman Jakobson: essays on the occcasion of his seventieth birthday, 11 October 1966, Volume 1, Mouton, 1967, pp. 643–653, doi.org.
  9. Rogier Blokland, Cornelius Hasselblatt. “The endangered Uralic languages.” Language Death and Language Maintenance: Theoretical, practical and descriptive approaches, 2003, pp. 107–141, academia.edu, doi.org.
  10. A. V. Chernetsov. “The Crosier of St. Stefan of Perm.” Picturing Russia: Explorations in Visual Culture, Edited by Valerie A. Kivelson and Joan Neuberger, Yale University Press, 2008, pp. 21–27, doi.org.
  11. Rogier Blokland. “The Lord's Prayer in Zyrian Komi.” The fascination with Inner Eurasian languages in the 17th century, Pegasus, 2018, pp. 319–334, academia.edu.
  12. Alexander I. Grishchenko, Vadim V. Ponaryadov. “The newly discovered monuments of the Old Permian language and script. Новые находки памятников древнепермского языка и письма.” Ural-Altaic Studies, No. 4 (43), 2021, pp. 7–34, doi.org, academia.edu.
  13. Viacheslav V. Lytvynenko, Alexander I. Grishchenko. “Unlocking Two Marginalia in Old Permic Script in a Fifteenth-Century Slavonic Manuscript (Russian State Library, Volok. 437) with Athanasius’ Orations Against the Arians.” Byzantinoslavica, 80/1–2, 2022, pp. 146–162, academia.edu.
  14. The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages. Edited by Marianne Bakró-Nagy, Johanna Laakso, and Elena Skribnik, 2022, doi.org.
  15. The Uralic Languages. Routledge.
    1. [First Edition], Edited by Daniel Abondolo, 1998, doi.org.
    2. Second Edition, Edited by Daniel Abondolo and Riitta-Liisa Valijärvi, 2023, doi.org.
  16. Niko Partanen, Jack Rueter, Rogier Blokland. “Old Permic Universal Dependencies Treebank.” Journal of Data Mining & Digital Humanities, 2024, doi.org, doi.org.
  17. Romanization systems used in the Place Names Database (KNAB). Institute of the Estonian Language, eki.ee.
    1. “Komi.” 2012-09-30, eki.ee.
    2. “Komi-Permyak.” 2012-09-30, eki.ee.
  18. ALA-LC Romanization Tables. American Library Association, Library of Congress, loc.gov.
    1. Cataloging Service. Bulletin 123, Fall 1977, p. 15, google.com.
    2. Cataloging Service Bulletin. Number 53, Summer 1991, p. 67, loc.gov.
    3. “Non-Slavic Languages (in Cyrillic Script).” 1991, p. 123, hathitrust.org.
    4. “Non-Slavic Languages (in Cyrillic Script).” 1997, p. 147, loc.gov.
    5. “Non-Slavic Languages (in Cyrillic Script).” 2012, loc.gov.
  19. Noto Old Permic. Google, github.com.
  20. [Komi Linguistics] Коми кывтӧдӧм, Коми лингвистика. komikyv.com.