Old Turkic
Orkhon Runiform Script
front | back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | ||
high | transcription | ⟨i⟩ | ⟨ü⟩ | ⟨ï⟩ | ⟨u⟩ |
Orkhon | 𐰃 | 𐰇 | 𐰃 | 𐰆 | |
Yenisei | 𐰄 | 𐰈 | 𐰄 | 𐰆 | |
mid | transcription | ⟨e⟩ | ⟨ö⟩ | ⟨o⟩ | |
Orkhon | 𐰃 | 𐰇 | 𐰆 | ||
Yenisei | 𐰅 | 𐰈 | 𐰆 | ||
low | transcription | ⟨ä⟩ | ⟨a⟩ | ||
Orkhon | 𐰀 | 𐰀 | |||
Yenisei | 𐰂 | 𐰁 |
unrounded | rounded | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
high | low | front | back | |
transliteration | ⟨I⟩ | ⟨A⟩ | ⟨ẅ⟩ | ⟨w⟩ |
vowels | ⟨i, ï, e⟩ | ⟨ä, a⟩ | ⟨ü, ö⟩ | ⟨u, o⟩ |
character | 𐰃 | 𐰀 | 𐰇 | 𐰆 |
labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | |
---|---|---|---|---|
unvoiced oral | ⟨p⟩ | ⟨t⟩ | ⟨č⟩ | ⟨k⟩ |
voiced oral | ⟨b⟩ | ⟨d⟩ | ⟨y⟩ | ⟨g⟩ |
nasal | ⟨m⟩ | ⟨n⟩ | ⟨ñ⟩ | ⟨ŋ⟩ |
unvoiced sibilant | ⟨s⟩ | ⟨š⟩ | ||
voiced sibilant | ⟨z⟩ | |||
liquid | ⟨l⟩ | ⟨r⟩ |
transliteration | Orkhon | Yenisei |
---|---|---|
front | ||
⟨b²⟩ | 𐰋 | 𐰌 |
⟨d²⟩ | 𐰓 | |
⟨g²⟩ | 𐰏 | 𐰐 |
⟨l²⟩ | 𐰠 | |
⟨n²⟩ | 𐰤 | 𐰥 |
⟨r²⟩ | 𐰼 | |
⟨s²⟩ | 𐰾 | |
⟨t²⟩ | 𐱅 | 𐱆 |
⟨y²⟩ | 𐰘 | 𐰙 |
⟨k²⟩ | 𐰚 | 𐰛 |
⟨š²⟩ | (𐱁) | 𐱂 |
⟨ŋ²⟩ | (𐰭) | 𐰮 |
back | ||
⟨b¹⟩ | 𐰉 | 𐰊 |
⟨d¹⟩ | 𐰑 | 𐰒 |
⟨g¹⟩ | 𐰍 | 𐰎 |
⟨l¹⟩ | 𐰞 | 𐰟 |
⟨n¹⟩ | 𐰣 | |
⟨r¹⟩ | 𐰺 | 𐰻 |
⟨s¹⟩ | 𐰽 | |
⟨t¹⟩ | 𐱃 | 𐱄 |
⟨y¹⟩ | 𐰖 | 𐰗 |
⟨k¹⟩ | 𐰴 | 𐰵 |
⟨š¹⟩ | (𐱁) | 𐱀 |
⟨ŋ¹⟩ | (𐰭) | 𐰬 |
neutral | ||
⟨č⟩ | 𐰲 | 𐰳 |
⟨m⟩ | 𐰢 | |
⟨p⟩ | 𐰯 | |
⟨š⟩ | 𐱁 | (𐱂) |
⟨z⟩ | 𐰔 | 𐰕 |
⟨ŋ⟩ | 𐰭 | (𐰮) |
⟨ñ⟩ | 𐰪 | 𐰫 |
other | ||
⟨ẅk⟩ | 𐰜 | 𐰝 |
⟨wk⟩ | 𐰸 | 𐰹 |
⟨ič⟩ | 𐰱 | |
⟨ïk⟩ | 𐰶 | 𐰷 |
⟨wp⟩ | 𐰰 | |
⟨wt⟩ | 𐱇 | |
⟨nč⟩ | 𐰨 | 𐰩 |
⟨nt⟩ | 𐰦 | 𐰧 |
⟨lt⟩ | 𐰡 | |
⟨aš⟩ | 𐰿 | |
⟨baš⟩ | 𐱈 | |
⟨či⟩ | (𐰲𐰃) |
References
-
Unicode 15.0 Character Code Charts. 2022, unicode.org.
Old Turkic.
unicode.org.
-
WG2 Document Registry, Unicode® Technical Committee Document Registry, unicode.org, unicode.org.
- Proposing to supplement with the speclal scrip and character for Uyghur Orkhun. China National Body, 14 August 2006, N3164, L2/06-392, unicode.org, unicode.org.
- [Scarborough, Benjamin]. Response to N3164. 24 September 2006, N3177, unicode.org.
- Silamu, Wushour. Proposing to supplement with the speclal scrip and character for Uyghur Orkhun. 1 February 2007, N3258, L2/07-216, unicode.org, unicode.org.
- Proposing to supplement with the special script and character for Old Turkic. China National Body, 19 September 2007, N3299R, L2/07-305, unicode.org, unicode.org.
- Proposal for encoding the Old Turkic script in the SMP of the UCS. 1 January 2008, N3357R, L2/07-325R, unicode.org.
- Proposal for encoding the Old Turkic script in the SMP of the UCS. 25 January 2008, N3357R2, L2/08-071, unicode.org, unicode.org.
- Pandey, Anshuman. Proposal to encode the Old Turkic ligature ORKHON CI. 17 February 2019, L2/19-069, unicode.org.
- Everson, Michael; West, Andrew. Proposal to revise the glyph of one Old Turkic character. 24 August 2021, N5164, L2/21-153, unicode.org, unicode.org.
-
The Unicode® Standard: Version 15.0 – Core Specification. September 2022, unicode.org.
Old Turkic.
p. 614, unicode.org.
- Tekin, Talât. A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic. Indiana University, Bloomington, 1968, archive.org.
- Erdal, Marcel.
Further notes on the Irk Bitig.
Turkic Languages, Volume 1, 1997, Edited by Lars Johanson, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 63–100, uni-goettingen.de, academia.edu. - Tekin, Talat. Orhon Türkçesi Grameri. İstanbul, 2003.
- Erdal, Marcel. A Grammar of Old Turkic. Brill, 2004, doi.org, academia.edu.
- Erdal, Marcel.
Did the Old Turkic Writing System have Syllabic Characters?
Interpreting the Turkic Runiform Sources and the Position of the Altai Corpus, Klaus Schwarz Verlag, Berlin, 2015, pp. 42–45, doi.org, academia.edu. - Károly, László; Rentzsch, Julian. A Database of Turkic Runiform Insciptions. Uppsala University, Department of Linguistics and Philology, uu.se.
- Noto Old Turkic. Google, github.com.
- Old Turkic, Orkhon Runic [Orkh]. ScriptSource, SIL International, scriptsource.org.