Thaana

Maldivian Script

Dhivehi consonants11
labial dental alveolar
emphatic		 dental/
alveolar		 retroflex palatal velar uvular pharyngeal glottal
nasal /m/ މ ⟨m⟩ /n/ ނ ⟨na⟩ (/ɳ/ ޱ) /ɲ/ ޏ ⟨gn⟩
plosive voiceless /p/ ޕ ⟨p⟩ (/tˁ/ ޠ ⟨tʼ⟩) /t̪/ ތ ⟨thd⟩ /ʈ/ ޓ ⟨t⟩ /tʃ/ ޗ ⟨ch⟩ /k/ ކ ⟨k⟩ (/q/ ޤ ⟨q⟩)
voiced /b/ ބ ⟨b⟩ (/dˁ/ ޟ ⟨lʼ⟩) /d̪/ ދ ⟨dh⟩ /ɖ/ ޑ ⟨d⟩ /dʒ/ ޖ ⟨j⟩ /g/ ގ ⟨g⟩
fricative voiceless /f/ ފ ⟨f⟩ (/θ/ ޘ ⟨thʼ⟩) (/sˁ/ ޞ ⟨sʼ⟩) /s/ ސ ⟨s⟩ /ʂ/ ށ ⟨shd⟩ (/ʃ/ ޝ ⟨shʼ⟩) (/x/ ޚ ⟨kh⟩) (/ħ/ ޙ ⟨hʼ⟩) /h/ ހ ⟨h⟩
voiced /ʋ/ ވ ⟨v⟩ (/ð/ ޛ ⟨dhʼ⟩) (/zˁ/ ޡ ⟨zʼ⟩) /z/ ޒ ⟨z⟩ /r/ ރ ⟨r⟩ (/ʒ/ ޜ ⟨x⟩) (/ɣ/ ޣ ⟨gh⟩) (/ʕ/ ޢ ⟨ʼ⟩) އb
approximant (/w/ ޥ ⟨w⟩) /l̪/ ލ ⟨l⟩ /ɭ/ ޅ ⟨lh⟩ /j/ ޔ ⟨y⟩

Dhivehi vowel signs and sukunc11
front back
high short /i/ އި ⟨i⟩ /u/ އު ⟨u⟩
long /iː/ އީ ⟨ee⟩ /uː/ އޫ ⟨oo⟩
mid short /e/ އެ ⟨e⟩ /o/ އޮ ⟨o⟩
long /eː/ އޭ ⟨ey⟩ /oː/ އޯ ⟨oa⟩
low short /a/ އަ ⟨a⟩
long /aː/ އާ ⟨aa⟩
sukun އްd

Notes

  1. ނ is romanized as ⟨nʼ⟩ if it bears no vowel sign or sukun
  2. Not pronouncedd
  3. އ stands for any consonant character
    1. އް and ށް are romanized as ⟨h⟩ or if they appear before a consonant with a single letter romanization they are instead romanized the same as the following consonant
    2. ތް is romanized as ⟨iy⟩ or ⟨y⟩ if it follows /i/
    3. Otherwise sukun is not romanized

References

  1. Unicode Character Code Charts. unicode.org.
    1. “Thaana.” unicode.org.
  2. WG2 Document Registry, Unicode® Technical Committee Document Registry, unicode.org, unicode.org.
    1. Rick McGowan. “Maldivian (Dihevi).” Unicode Technical Report #3: Exploratory Proposals, 1992-11-25, unicode.org.
    2. Michael Everson. Proposal for encoding the Thaana script in ISO/IEC 10646. 1997-05-30, N1519R, L2/97-036, evertype.com.
    3. Michael Everson. Revised proposal for encoding the Thaana script in the BMP of ISO/IEC 10646. 1998-03-10, N1699, L2/98-161, dkuug.dk.
    4. V.S. Umamaheswaran, Mike Ksar. Unconfirmed Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25. 1998-12-30, N1903, L2/99-010, unicode.org.
    5. Paul Nelson, Paul Beam, Mohamed Abdul Gadir. Proposal to add characters for use with Thaana Script (Divehi language). 2000-04-07, L2/00-120, unicode.org.
    6. Summary Proposal Form: Thaana Character Naa. 2000-09-15, N2264, L2/00-328, unicode.org, unicode.org.
  3. The Unicode® Standard: Version 15.0 – Core Specification. September 2022, unicode.org.
    1. “Thaana.” pp. 535–536, unicode.org.
  4. ALA-LC Romanization Tables. American Library Association, Library of Congress, loc.gov.
    1. Cataloging Service Bulletin. Number 19, Winter 1982, pp. 33–36, loc.gov.
    2. “Divehi.” 2012, loc.gov.
  5. United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN): Working Group on Romanization Systems, eki.ee, un.org.
    1. “Maldivian.” United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names: Preliminary Report on Their Current Status, Version 1.2, November 1999, W.P. 34, p. 60, un.org.
    2. “Maldivian.” United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names: Preliminary Report on Their Current Status, Version 1.3, March 2000, eki.ee.
    3. “Maldivian.” Report on the Current Status of United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names, Version 2.2, January 2003, eki.ee.
    4. “Maldivian.” Report on the Current Status of United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names, Version 4.0, March 2016, eki.ee.
  6. BGN/PCGN Romanization Systems. U.S. Board on Geographic Names, U.K. Permanent Committee on Geographical Names, gov.uk.
    1. “Romanization System for Maldivian: BGN/PCGN 1988 System.” Romanization Systems and Roman-Script Spelling Conventions, 1994, p. 71, archive.org.
    2. “Romanization System for Maldivian: BGN/PCGN 1988 Agreement.” 2007, archive.org.
    3. “Romanization System for Maldivian: BGN/PCGN 1988 Agreement, with modifications 2009.” 2011, archive.org.
    4. “Romanization System for Maldivian: BGN/PCGN 1988 Agreement, with modifications 2009.” January 2012, archive.org.
    5. “Romanization of Maldivian: BGN/PCGN 1988 Agreement, with modifications 2009.” October 2017, archive.org.
    6. “Romanization of Maldivian (Dhivehi): BGN/PCGN 1988 Agreement, with modifications 2009.” January 2022, archive.org.
  7. Romanization systems used in the Place Names Database (KNAB). Institute of the Estonian Language, eki.ee.
    1. “Maldivian.” 2009-12-22, eki.ee.
  8. Thaana [Thaa]. ScriptSource, SIL International, scriptsource.org.
  9. Noto Thaana. Google, github.com.
  10. James W. Gair, Bruce D. Cain. “Dhivehi Writing.” The World’s Writing Systems, Edited by Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. 564–568, openlibrary.org.
  11. Amalia E. Gnanadesikan. Dhivehi: The Language of the Maldives. Edited by Anne Boyle David, De Gruyter Mouton, 2017.